Full-wave refers to a type of electrical signal processing that converts both halves of an alternating current (AC) waveform into a usable direct current (DC) output. This method utilizes both the positive and negative cycles of the AC signal, making it more efficient than half-wave rectification, which only uses one half of the waveform. In a full-wave rectifier, components like diodes are used to allow current to flow in one direction, effectively flipping the negative portion of the waveform to create a continuous output. This results in a smoother and more stable DC voltage, which is essential for powering devices like computers and battery chargers.