AC to DC conversion is the process of changing alternating current (AC), which flows in both directions, into direct current (DC), which flows in one direction. This conversion is essential for powering electronic devices, as most of them require DC to operate efficiently. The conversion typically involves using a device called a rectifier, which allows current to flow in only one direction. After rectification, the DC output may be smoothed using filters to reduce fluctuations, ensuring a stable power supply for devices like smartphones, laptops, and other electronic equipment.