Formatting, or layout, refers to the arrangement of text and images on a page or screen. It involves organizing content in a way that enhances readability and visual appeal. Key elements include font size, style, spacing, and alignment, which all contribute to how information is presented. Effective formatting helps guide the reader's eye and emphasizes important points. Tools like Microsoft Word or Adobe InDesign offer features to customize layouts, making it easier to create professional-looking documents. Proper formatting is essential in various contexts, including academic papers, websites, and marketing materials.