Forest ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment within forest ecosystems. It examines how trees, plants, animals, and microorganisms interact with each other and with their physical surroundings, such as soil, water, and climate. These interactions help maintain the balance of the ecosystem, supporting biodiversity and providing essential services like carbon storage and oxygen production. In forest ecology, researchers also explore the impact of human activities, such as deforestation and urbanization, on forest health. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for conservation efforts and sustainable management of forest resources, ensuring that ecosystems remain resilient and continue to thrive for future generations.