Focal seizures, also known as partial seizures, occur when abnormal electrical activity begins in a specific area of the brain. These seizures can affect a small part of the brain and may cause unusual sensations, movements, or emotions. Symptoms can vary widely depending on the area affected, and they may or may not involve loss of consciousness. There are two main types of focal seizures: focal aware seizures, where the person remains conscious, and focal impaired awareness seizures, where consciousness is altered. Treatment options include medications, lifestyle changes, and in some cases, surgery to control or reduce seizure frequency.