Flower colors are determined by pigments in the petals. Common pigments include anthocyanins, which can create shades of red, purple, and blue, and carotenoids, which produce yellow and orange hues. The specific combination of these pigments, along with environmental factors like soil pH and light, influences the final color of the flower. Different flower colors can attract various pollinators. For example, bees are often drawn to blue and yellow flowers, while hummingbirds prefer red blooms. This relationship between flower color and pollinator attraction plays a crucial role in the reproduction of many flowering plants.