Flower color is determined by pigments present in the petals. The most common pigments include anthocyanins, which produce red, purple, and blue hues, and carotenoids, which create yellow and orange shades. The specific combination of these pigments, along with environmental factors like soil pH and light exposure, influences the final color of the flower. Different flower colors can attract various pollinators. For example, bees are drawn to blue and yellow flowers, while hummingbirds prefer red blooms. This relationship between flower color and pollination helps plants reproduce and ensures the survival of many species in ecosystems.