A flame retardant is a chemical substance that is added to materials to prevent or slow the spread of fire. These substances work by either releasing chemicals that inhibit combustion or by forming a protective layer that shields the material from heat. Flame retardants are commonly used in products like furniture, textiles, and electronics to enhance safety. There are various types of flame retardants, including halogenated compounds, phosphorus-based chemicals, and inorganic materials. Each type has its own mechanism of action and application. Regulations often govern the use of flame retardants to ensure they are effective while minimizing potential health and environmental risks.