Filtration membranes are thin barriers that allow certain substances to pass through while blocking others. They are commonly used in various applications, such as water purification, medical devices, and food processing. The membranes can be made from different materials, including polymers and ceramics, and are designed to filter out particles, bacteria, and other contaminants. These membranes operate based on size exclusion or charge interactions, depending on their design. For example, in water treatment, reverse osmosis membranes can remove dissolved salts and impurities, ensuring clean drinking water. Their efficiency and versatility make filtration membranes essential in many industries.