An eye exam is a series of tests conducted by an optometrist or ophthalmologist to assess vision and eye health. During the exam, various tools and techniques are used to check for refractive errors, such as nearsightedness or farsightedness, and to evaluate the overall condition of the eyes. The exam typically includes a visual acuity test, where letters on a chart are read, and a dilated eye exam, where drops are used to widen the pupils. These tests help detect potential issues like glaucoma, cataracts, or macular degeneration, ensuring proper care and treatment if needed.