Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperatures, acidity, salinity, or pressure. They can be found in places like deep-sea vents, hot springs, and salt flats. These unique adaptations allow them to survive where most life forms cannot. There are several types of extremophiles, including thermophiles, which prefer high heat, and halophiles, which thrive in salty environments. Studying extremophiles helps scientists understand the limits of life on Earth and may provide insights into the possibility of life on other planets, such as Mars or the moons of Jupiter.