Expressionism is an art movement that emerged in the early 20th century, primarily in Germany. It focuses on representing emotional experiences rather than physical reality. Artists used bold colors, distorted forms, and exaggerated lines to convey feelings of anxiety, alienation, and turmoil, often reflecting the societal changes and conflicts of the time. In addition to visual arts, Expressionism influenced literature, theater, and music. Writers like Franz Kafka and Rainer Maria Rilke explored themes of existential dread and individual struggle. The movement sought to express the inner emotional world, making it a significant precursor to later modernist movements.