Existential themes explore fundamental questions about human existence, such as the meaning of life, freedom, and the nature of reality. These themes often address feelings of anxiety, absurdity, and isolation that arise from the human condition. Philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus have significantly contributed to this discourse, emphasizing individual choice and responsibility in an indifferent universe. In literature and art, existential themes manifest through characters facing moral dilemmas, searching for purpose, or confronting death. Works like Franz Kafka's "The Metamorphosis" and Samuel Beckett's "Waiting for Godot" illustrate these struggles, highlighting the tension between personal desires and the often chaotic world around them.