Error correction algorithms are techniques used to detect and correct errors in data transmission or storage. They ensure that the information received is the same as what was sent, even if some data is corrupted during the process. These algorithms are essential in various fields, including telecommunications and computer science, to maintain data integrity. One common type of error correction algorithm is the Hamming code, which adds redundant bits to the original data. This allows the system to identify and fix single-bit errors. Other methods, like Reed-Solomon codes, are used in applications such as CDs and QR codes, providing robust error correction capabilities.