Hamming code is a method used in computer science and telecommunications to detect and correct errors in data transmission. It adds extra bits, called parity bits, to a message, allowing the system to identify and fix errors that may occur during transmission. This ensures that the data received is accurate and reliable. When a message is sent, the Hamming code checks the parity of the bits and can pinpoint the exact location of an error if one occurs. By using this technique, systems can maintain data integrity, making it essential for applications like computer networks and data storage.