Epidemiological models are mathematical frameworks used to understand the spread of diseases within populations. They help researchers predict how infections can spread, identify potential outbreaks, and evaluate the impact of interventions like vaccinations. Common models include the SIR model, which divides the population into Susceptible, Infected, and Recovered groups. These models rely on data such as transmission rates and recovery times to simulate disease dynamics. By analyzing different scenarios, public health officials can make informed decisions to control outbreaks and allocate resources effectively. Overall, epidemiological models are essential tools in managing public health crises.