Endothelial corneal dystrophy is a genetic eye disorder that affects the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. It primarily involves the endothelial cells, which are responsible for maintaining the cornea's clarity by regulating fluid levels. When these cells become damaged or die, the cornea can swell, leading to blurred vision and discomfort. This condition often progresses slowly and may not cause symptoms until later in life. Treatment options include eye drops to reduce swelling or, in more severe cases, a surgical procedure called corneal transplant to replace the damaged cornea with healthy tissue.