Endoscopic techniques involve the use of an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera, to visualize and treat internal organs. These procedures are minimally invasive, allowing doctors to access areas like the gastrointestinal tract or respiratory system without large incisions. Common endoscopic procedures include gastroscopy for examining the stomach and colonoscopy for the colon. These techniques can help diagnose conditions, take biopsies, or even perform surgeries, leading to quicker recovery times and less discomfort for patients compared to traditional surgical methods.