An empress is a female ruler of an empire, often holding the highest authority in a monarchy. She may inherit her position through royal lineage or be appointed by a ruling emperor. Empresses can wield significant political power, influence cultural practices, and represent their nations in diplomatic matters. Throughout history, many notable empresses have shaped their countries, such as Empress Dowager Cixi of China and Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. The role of an empress can vary widely depending on the cultural and historical context, but she typically embodies the ideals and traditions of her empire.