Empidonax flycatchers are a group of small, insect-eating birds found primarily in North America. They belong to the family Tyrannidae and are known for their subtle plumage, which often makes them difficult to identify. These birds typically inhabit forests, wetlands, and shrubby areas, where they catch insects in mid-air or glean them from foliage. There are several species of Empidonax flycatchers, including the Willow Flycatcher and the Least Flycatcher. They are characterized by their distinctive calls, which are important for communication and territory establishment. Due to their similar appearances, identifying them often requires careful observation of their behavior and vocalizations.