Educational theory refers to the study of how people learn and the best practices for teaching. It encompasses various approaches and philosophies that guide educators in creating effective learning environments. Key figures in this field include John Dewey, Jean Piaget, and Lev Vygotsky, each contributing unique insights into cognitive development and social learning. These theories help shape curricula, teaching methods, and assessment strategies. For example, constructivism emphasizes hands-on learning and encourages students to build their understanding through experiences. Overall, educational theory aims to improve educational practices and outcomes for learners of all ages.