Educational foundations refer to the underlying principles and theories that shape the practice of education. They encompass various disciplines, including psychology, sociology, philosophy, and history, which help educators understand how learning occurs and how to create effective teaching strategies. These foundations guide curriculum development, teaching methods, and educational policies. By examining the work of influential figures like John Dewey and Maria Montessori, educators can draw insights into how to foster a positive learning environment and address the diverse needs of students.