Foundational theories are fundamental concepts that serve as the basis for understanding various fields of study. They provide a framework for interpreting information and guiding research. Examples include Newton's laws of motion in physics and Maslow's hierarchy of needs in psychology, which help explain complex phenomena through simpler principles. These theories are essential for developing new ideas and advancing knowledge. They often influence how researchers approach problems and design experiments. By establishing core principles, foundational theories enable scholars to build upon existing knowledge and explore new areas of inquiry, fostering innovation and discovery across disciplines.