Earthquake dynamics refers to the processes and forces that cause earthquakes. These seismic events occur when stress builds up in the Earth's crust due to tectonic plate movements. When the stress exceeds the strength of rocks, they break and release energy in the form of seismic waves, resulting in ground shaking. The point where the earthquake originates is called the focus, while the point directly above it on the surface is known as the epicenter. The intensity and duration of shaking depend on factors such as the earthquake's magnitude, depth, and the geological characteristics of the area.