Earth minerals are naturally occurring substances found in the Earth's crust. They are solid, inorganic materials with a specific chemical composition and crystal structure. Common examples include quartz, feldspar, and mica. These minerals are essential for various industries, including construction, electronics, and manufacturing. Minerals are classified into two main categories: metallic and non-metallic. Metallic minerals, like gold and copper, are valuable for their conductivity and strength. Non-metallic minerals, such as calcite and gypsum, are often used in products like cement and fertilizers. Understanding these minerals is crucial for resource management and environmental sustainability.