Durum wheat is a hard variety of wheat known for its high protein content and gluten strength. It is primarily used to make pasta, couscous, and some types of bread. The grain is typically golden in color and has a high semolina yield, which is the coarsely ground product used in many pasta dishes. This type of wheat thrives in dry, warm climates, making it popular in regions like Italy and the United States. Durum wheat is often grown in rotation with other crops to maintain soil health and reduce pests. Its unique properties make it essential for producing high-quality pasta.