Disinfectants are chemical substances used to kill or inactivate harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, on surfaces. They are commonly used in homes, hospitals, and public spaces to maintain hygiene and prevent the spread of infections. Disinfectants come in various forms, including liquids, wipes, and sprays, and are often labeled with specific instructions for effective use. These products work by disrupting the cellular processes of pathogens, rendering them inactive. Common active ingredients in disinfectants include bleach, alcohol, and quaternary ammonium compounds. It is important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for proper application and safety to ensure effectiveness and minimize health risks.