Disease association refers to the relationship between a specific disease and certain factors, such as genetics, environment, or lifestyle. Researchers study these associations to understand how different elements contribute to the development or progression of a disease. For example, the association between smoking and lung cancer highlights how exposure to tobacco increases the risk of developing this illness. Identifying disease associations can help in prevention and treatment strategies. By understanding which factors are linked to diseases like diabetes or heart disease, healthcare professionals can create targeted interventions. This knowledge also aids in public health initiatives aimed at reducing risk factors and improving overall health outcomes.