Digital controllers are electronic devices that manage and regulate systems using digital signals. They convert input data into a format that can be processed, allowing for precise control over various applications, such as temperature regulation, motor control, and robotics. These controllers often use algorithms to make decisions based on the input they receive. One common type of digital controller is the PID controller, which stands for Proportional-Integral-Derivative. This controller continuously calculates an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint and a measured process variable. By adjusting the output based on this error, digital controllers help maintain desired performance levels in various systems.