Desalination is a process that removes salt and other impurities from seawater, making it suitable for drinking and irrigation. This technology is especially important in arid regions where freshwater resources are scarce. The most common methods of desalination include reverse osmosis and distillation, both of which effectively separate salt from water. The desalination process typically involves several steps, including pre-treatment to remove larger particles, the actual desalination phase, and post-treatment to ensure the water is safe for consumption. While desalination can provide a reliable water source, it can be energy-intensive and costly, raising concerns about its environmental impact and sustainability.