Desalination technologies are methods used to remove salt and other impurities from seawater or brackish water, making it suitable for human consumption and irrigation. The most common techniques include reverse osmosis, where water is forced through a semi-permeable membrane, and thermal distillation, which involves heating water to create steam that is then condensed back into liquid. These technologies are increasingly important in regions facing water scarcity, as they provide a reliable source of fresh water. However, desalination can be energy-intensive and costly, leading to ongoing research into more efficient and sustainable methods.