Decay, commonly known as rot, is the process through which organic matter breaks down due to the action of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi. This natural process occurs when living organisms die, and their tissues begin to decompose. Factors like moisture, temperature, and oxygen levels significantly influence the rate of decay. During decay, complex organic compounds are transformed into simpler substances, releasing nutrients back into the environment. This process is essential for nutrient cycling in ecosystems, as it helps enrich the soil and supports new plant growth. Understanding decay is crucial for fields like ecology and waste management.