Dark spots, also known as pigmentation, are areas of skin that become darker than the surrounding skin. This condition occurs when excess melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, is produced. Common causes include sun exposure, hormonal changes, and certain medications. These spots can appear on various parts of the body, especially on the face, hands, and arms. While they are usually harmless, some people seek treatments to reduce their appearance. Options include topical creams, laser therapy, and chemical peels, which can help even out skin tone and improve overall skin health.