Core sampling is a technique used to collect cylindrical sections of soil, rock, or other materials from the ground. This method allows scientists and engineers to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the subsurface layers without extensive excavation. Core samples provide valuable information about the geological history and composition of an area. The process involves drilling a hollow tube, known as a core barrel, into the ground to extract a core sample. These samples are then examined in laboratories to assess factors such as soil composition, contaminants, and water content. Core sampling is essential in fields like geology, environmental science, and construction.