Congenital anomalies are physical or structural differences that occur in a baby at birth. These can affect various parts of the body, including the heart, brain, and limbs. They can result from genetic factors, environmental influences, or a combination of both. Some common examples include cleft lip, spina bifida, and congenital heart defects. The causes of congenital anomalies can vary widely. Some may be inherited from parents, while others can arise from factors such as maternal infections, exposure to certain medications, or nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy. Early diagnosis and intervention can help manage many of these conditions effectively.