A condenser microphone is a type of microphone that uses a diaphragm placed close to a backplate to create an electrical signal. When sound waves hit the diaphragm, it vibrates, changing the distance between the diaphragm and the backplate, which alters the capacitance and generates an audio signal. These microphones are known for their sensitivity and ability to capture a wide frequency range, making them popular in recording studios. Condenser microphones require a power source, often provided by a phantom power supply, to operate. They are commonly used for vocals, acoustic instruments, and in broadcasting due to their clarity and detail.