A microphone is a device that converts sound waves into electrical signals. It captures audio by using a diaphragm that vibrates when sound waves hit it. This vibration is then transformed into an electrical signal, which can be amplified, recorded, or transmitted. Microphones are commonly used in various applications, including music recording, broadcasting, and telecommunications. There are different types of microphones, such as dynamic, condenser, and ribbon microphones, each with unique characteristics suited for specific uses. For example, dynamic microphones are durable and ideal for live performances, while condenser microphones are sensitive and often used in studios for capturing vocals and instruments.