Comparative genomics is the field of study that involves comparing the genomes of different organisms to understand their similarities and differences. By analyzing the genetic material of various species, scientists can identify conserved genes, evolutionary relationships, and functional elements that are important for survival and adaptation. This approach helps researchers uncover the genetic basis of traits and diseases, track evolutionary changes, and improve our understanding of biology. Tools and techniques in comparative genomics often involve bioinformatics, which uses computational methods to analyze large sets of genomic data from organisms like humans, mice, and fruit flies.