Fruit flies, scientifically known as Drosophila melanogaster, are small insects commonly found in homes and gardens. They are typically about 1/8 inch long and have a tan or yellowish body with red eyes. These flies are attracted to ripe or decaying fruits, vegetables, and other organic materials, where they lay their eggs. Fruit flies are important in scientific research due to their short life cycle and genetic similarities to humans. They are often used in studies related to genetics, development, and behavior, making them valuable for understanding biological processes and diseases.