Colonial powers refer to countries that established control over foreign territories, often through military force, economic dominance, or political influence. These nations sought to expand their empires, exploit resources, and spread their culture. Notable colonial powers included Britain, France, Spain, and Portugal, which established colonies in regions such as Africa, Asia, and the Americas. The era of colonialism, particularly from the 15th to the 20th century, significantly impacted global history. It led to the establishment of trade routes, the spread of Christianity, and the exchange of goods. However, it also resulted in the exploitation and oppression of indigenous populations, leading to long-lasting social and economic consequences.