Cognitive impairments refer to difficulties in mental processes such as thinking, learning, memory, and problem-solving. These impairments can affect a person's ability to perform everyday tasks, understand information, and communicate effectively. They can result from various factors, including aging, brain injuries, or conditions like Alzheimer's disease. Common types of cognitive impairments include dementia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Individuals with cognitive impairments may struggle with concentration, decision-making, and retaining new information. Early diagnosis and intervention can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.