Civilization refers to a complex human society characterized by the development of cities, social classes, and organized governance. It typically includes advancements in areas such as agriculture, writing, and technology, which allow for the growth of populations and cultural exchange. Civilizations often have distinct languages, religions, and artistic expressions that reflect their unique identities. Throughout history, various civilizations have emerged, such as the Egyptian civilization, the Roman Empire, and the Indus Valley civilization. These societies have contributed to human progress through innovations in architecture, law, and trade. The study of civilizations helps us understand the evolution of human culture and social structures.