Civil rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every individual, ensuring equal treatment and protection under the law. These rights include the freedom of speech, the right to vote, and the right to privacy, among others. Civil rights aim to prevent discrimination based on characteristics such as race, gender, religion, or disability, promoting fairness and justice in society. The movement for civil rights gained significant momentum in the mid-20th century, particularly in the United States, where figures like Martin Luther King Jr. played a crucial role. Landmark legislation, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, helped to dismantle institutionalized discrimination and promote equality for all citizens.