Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome, containing about 249 million base pairs and approximately 2,000 to 2,100 genes. It plays a crucial role in various biological functions, including development, immune response, and brain function. This chromosome is essential for human health, as it houses genes related to many diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Each person typically has two copies of chromosome 1, one inherited from each parent, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits.