When cells experience damage, they initiate a series of responses to repair themselves and maintain function. This process often involves the activation of specific proteins that detect the damage and signal the cell to begin repair mechanisms. These proteins can trigger pathways that lead to cell growth, division, or even programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, if the damage is too severe. Additionally, cells may activate stress response pathways that help them cope with harmful conditions. This includes the production of heat shock proteins that assist in refolding damaged proteins and the activation of DNA repair enzymes to fix any genetic damage. Together, these responses help ensure cellular integrity and overall health.