DNA repair is a vital process that helps maintain the integrity of an organism's genetic material. Cells are constantly exposed to damage from environmental factors like UV radiation and chemical exposure, as well as errors that occur during DNA replication. Repair mechanisms identify and fix these issues to prevent mutations that could lead to diseases, including cancer. There are several types of DNA repair systems, including base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and mismatch repair. Each system targets specific types of damage, ensuring that the DNA remains functional and stable. Efficient DNA repair is crucial for the overall health and longevity of cells and organisms.