Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of proteins that help protect cells from stress, such as high temperatures or toxic substances. They act as molecular chaperones, assisting in the proper folding of proteins and preventing misfolding or aggregation. This function is crucial for maintaining cellular health and function, especially during stressful conditions. HSPs are produced in response to various stressors, including heat, oxidative stress, and infections. They play a vital role in cellular repair processes and are involved in regulating the immune response. Research on HSPs has implications for understanding diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.