causal inference
Causal inference is a method used to determine whether a change in one variable directly causes a change in another. It helps researchers understand relationships between factors, such as how smoking affects lung cancer rates. By analyzing data, scientists can identify patterns and make conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships.
To establish causal inference, researchers often use techniques like randomized controlled trials or observational studies. These methods help control for other variables that might influence the outcome, allowing for a clearer understanding of the causal link. This is essential in fields like medicine and social sciences for making informed decisions.