Cataphracts were heavily armored cavalry units used in ancient warfare, particularly by the Persian Empire and later by the Byzantine Empire. These soldiers rode horses that were also protected with armor, making them formidable on the battlefield. Their design allowed them to charge into enemy lines with significant impact, often breaking formations. The term "cataphract" comes from the Greek word meaning "fully armored." They typically carried lances, swords, and shields, and their heavy armor provided both protection and intimidation. Cataphracts played a crucial role in various battles, influencing military tactics in their time and beyond.