Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating the levels of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate in the body. It catalyzes the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form carbonic acid, which then dissociates into bicarbonate and protons. This process is essential for maintaining acid-base balance in biological systems. Found in various tissues, including red blood cells and the kidneys, carbonic anhydrase helps facilitate gas exchange in the lungs and transport of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream. Its activity is vital for processes such as respiration and maintaining pH levels in the body.